Shock-absorber.



Patented Juy 9, i918.

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G. ANBEESN.

SHOCK ASSGRBEB.

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G. A. ANDERSON.

SHOCK ABSORBER.

APPucATlon mit :una l5. 191s.

1 ,272, 178. Y Pand July 9, uns.

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G. A. ANDERSON.

SHGCK ABSORBi-IR.

APPLICATION min mus 15. was.

Patented July 9, 1918.

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l tl'mnms' GUSTAF A. ANDEBSQN, 0F WAYNESBOBO, PENNSYLVANI.

SHOCK-.ABSOBBER Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 9, 1918.

Application tiled June 15, 1918. Serial No. 103,756.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, (ns'mr A. ANDERSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at "aynesboro, Franklin county, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented and discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Shock-Absorbers, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to energy or shof-ic absorbers and consists in the combinations and arrangements of elements hereinafter described and particularly set forth in the accompanying claims.

The invention has for its purpose to provide a shock absorber of the hydraulic type, adapted particularly for vehicles, in which it is desirable to absorb or diffuse the recoil of the vehicle spring only, and in direct proportion to the degree of compression or velocity of the spring.

A further purpose of the invention is to provide a shock absorber of this character, having a device associated therewith to provent the oil, or other braking fluid, in the casing chamber from escaping, without the employment of the ordinary packing rings or similar means used for this purpose.

The invention is shown, by Way of illustration in the accompanying drawings, wherein--q Figure 1 illustrates the shock absorber as ,applied to a motor car,

Fig. 2 a top plan view thereof,

Fig. 3 a central sectional view of the same,

Fig. 4 a` top plan view, partly in section, and showing theV braking fluid retaining device,

Fig. 5 a side elevational View, partly in section, of a modied construction, and

Fig. 6 an end elevational view of the same, partly broken away and in section.

Referring to the construction in further detail, 1 designates a casing having a closore plate 2 and constructed with a. pair of segment-ai chambers 3 that are separated 'by a transversely disposed wall 4 located centrally of the casing and preferably formed integral therewith. The cover plate 2 is secured to the casing by a plurality of bolts 5, or other suitable means, and forms, with the casing walls, a air of liquid-tight chambers for the duid) forming the main braking medium.

A double-blade 6, formed with a Yshaft 7 jmimaled in the casing extension 8, works within the respective liquid chambers, and since the two blade members are constructed identically and work in the saine manner, a description of only one will suffice.

Y The blade is provided with a pair of bypasses 9 and 10. A valve 1l is mounted on the blade to close the h v-pass. and is held normally seated under a slight pressure exerted by a spring l2 that hears against a disk i3 on thc valve stein i-l and the countersunk face 15 in the blade. respectively. A valve 1G is seated on the blade to normally close the lay-pass 10 and is retained in position by a follower 1T under tension ot' the spring 18, which. in turn. seats against a head 19. The follower l? is formed with a sind having a spherical head 2G engaging in a depressed face formed in the valve lf3; and the head 19 is constructed to receive thc spherical head 2l of the holt 22 seran'- threaded on the casing and seating the valve. This manner of seating the valve and holding the same under tension (i. c. by thc spherical members 20 and 2li insures the positive positioning of the valve 1G under the oscillations of the blade when the latter is subjected to such sudden and irregular movements as would be encountered in the normal working of thc device.

The device is adapted to be mounted on the relatively movable parts, whose motions it controls, b v means of the pair of arms 2li and 24 connected. respectively to the casing 1 and a sleeve or cover 25 mounted on the casing extension 8 and having a reduced and squared apertured portion 26 engaging with the squared end 28 of the shaft 7. In the present instance, the arm 23 pivotally engages a pin 29 or. the plate 30 that is secured to the axle 31 of the vehicle; and said arm 24 has pivotal engagement with the pin 32 on the plate 33 that is suitably mounted on the frame 33 of the car.

In the operation of my invention the arms 23 and 24 being pivotally attached respectively to the axle and frame of the vehicle, operate the mechanism contained Within the chambers to consume as large a portion: as is practical of the energy stored in the unsprnng weight by the rebound and at. the same time operate with equal efiiciency for rebounds of different velues and in direct proportion to the value thereof.

During the compression stroke of the vehicle springs, due to the action of an obstacle encountered by the vchicle wheels in motion, the blade G is oscillated in the direction indicated by the arrow m, thus gradually compressing the springs 18 controlling the throttling valves 16 in proportion to the degree of oscillation of the blade 6 or the compression deflection of the vehicle springs. As oil is practically incompressible and the chambers 3 are filled originally, the valves 11, normally held seated under the soft action of the springsl 12, are opened. permitting the free by-passing of the oil from one side of the blade to the other, the valve areas l1 being suilicient not to retard the compression action of the vehicle springs. In this connection it will be noted that the resistance offered by the action of the throttling springs 18 is immaterial the ressure they exert upon the blades is relatively small and the effect negligible.

The compression stroke of the vehicle springs ended, the deflection thereof being in proportion to the obstacle encountered, the expansion stroke begins and the blade 6 cscillates in the direction indicated by the arrow y. The valves l1 are instantly closed preventing the return of the oil previously bypassed therethrough. The blade (i continues in the direction indicated until the fluid pressure within the chambers 3 equals the load upon the throttling valves 1G, determined by the degree of deflection of the vehicle springs. 1t is this pressure on the blade area that forms the basis for the resistance offered by the absorber during the expansion or recoil of the deflected vehicle spring.

Now that this resistance to vehicle spring recoil shall at all times be in direct proportion to the deflection thereof it must be understood that as the vehicle springs are deilected or compressed the springs 18 are also continually compressed and as the vehicle springs recoil or expand the springs 18 continually `expand, thereby varying continually the value of resistance within the chambers 3 to the vehicle spring recoil The two liquid chambers are adapted to communicate for insuring uniform pressure therein, by means of the channel-ways 6 formed in the fulcrum portion of the blades and connecting the chamber divisions in diagonal pairs (see F ig. 3).

In an apparatus of this kind, a small loss of fluid greatly lowers the eliciency of its operation and, on accountJ of the comparatively small volume of liquid contained in the casing, a slight leak will soon )reduce disastrous results and obviously de eat the purpose for which the device is intended.

Stuffing boxes are not dependable for curing this fault, and it is therefore pro osed to provide `an attachment for the evlce which will el'ectually prevent any leakage of the liquid and, at the same time, not interfere with the operation. To this end the casing 1 has the tubular extension 8 and a collar 35 screw-threaded on the shaft 7, and with said extension the collar supports and spaces from the shaft a tubular section 36, of rubber or other suitable flexible material. The tubular section 36 is secured to the members 8 and 35 by the pair of clamping rings 37 and 38, of ordinary form, and a rotecting structure for the tube is mounte therein between said clamping rings. The protecting means consists of a plurality of rings 39, of leather, wood, or other suitable filling material, that are fitted directly over the tube 36 and arranged end to end, as shown. A series of metal rings -lU overlie the rings 3!) and are assembled in close arrangement thereon and to have relative angular movement. It will be understood that the chain` ber provided by the rubber tubing is filled with oil at all times and from which it cannot escape to the outside by reason of the liquid-tight joint provided by the clamping ring 38, and it will be further noted that the tube will not, in any wise, be mutilated by reason of its torsional strains due to the relative movement of the casing and shaft, inasmuch as the length of the tube will allow of this twisting. l

In the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the casing is constructed of a main body portion 41, closed by a side plate l2, and fitted at its opposite ends with a pair of oppositely disposed cylinders i3 having closed ends. In each of said cylinders there is mon ted a piston 44 having fluid b v-passes 9 and llO that are normally closed by the valves 1l and 1G mounted on the piston, and on the piston and cylinder head, respectively. in the manner shown. The two pistons 14 are connected to the shaft 45 by a two armed lever 46 mounted on said shaft and engaging respectively with the piston rods 47 connected to the pistons.

This construction of the energy or shock absorber is likewise provided with a leak stopping device formed as an extension on the shaft, and in operation the working principle is the same as that alread described with reference to the form of evice shown in the preferred type.

It is obvious that those skilled in the art may vary the details of construction and arrangement of arts without departing from the spirit of tiie invention, and therefore I do not wish to be limited t0 such features except as may be required b' the claims.

Having thus fully descri ed ni said invention, what I claim as new an desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an energy absorber, the combination of a casing providing a liquid chamber, a blade mounted to oscillate in said chamber and constructed with by-passes therethrough, valves mounted in said luy-passes, one of said valves operating to by-pass uid n one direction and the other in the opposite direction, and e. spring mounted in said ehem ber to bear at one endV against a wel-lof said chamber and at the other end'sgninstone of said valves, snbstentialljv :is set forth.

2. In an energy absorber the eombination of n casing providing e chamber, srblade mounted to cscillate there-in and constrncted with n bri-poss. a valve mounted in said bypass, and ineens inteiqmsed between said blade and casing operable by the oscillation of wid binde for increasing or diminishing the'rload on seid valve, substnntiaily as set forth.

3. In un energy absorber the combination of a easing providing;V e fluid chamber, n member operebflerivithin said ohainber and formed with a liv-'pass tl-ierethrough, e valve nt said b v-pess. and menus interposed be twoen said valve and the casing for controlling seid lay-pass in proportion to the ive relation of said member and chamber. snhstantially as set forth. f 1 f 'Y s; In an energy absorber the coxnlavirnanzion Voaf n easing providing a liq'nid chambenn member operable within said chambers Z fox-ined wish n by-pass. a valve es seidbyposs'. and a. spring interposed betweenf slid easingv sind vflvfe for eonitgrolling seid try-pass, substantielli7 as set forth@ Y In en energy absorber the combination ofV e Y.easier-,e providing n liquid chaniber, e.

piston mounted to have a relative movement in Y said fir-amber, and `provided Vwith bvpasses, valves for controlling seidig-passes. and means abetting the casing VVessoeieted with part of seid valves and operable by the movement of seid piston in relation to said casing for controlling said part of seid valves, substantially as set forth.

6. In an energy absorber 1theYcondination of a casing providing Aii litlfiidt' cfhatnber, a blade mounted to oscillate in said chamber and constrnted e'by-ibssf signing' sented valve mounted on the blade normally" closing said o v pass. n second by -pass formed in the blade adjacent the fulcruin thereof, and a spring seated valve mounted on said blade and the casing and normally closin said by-pass, seid irst named valve operable to eli'eot free by-passing of the fluid when the blade moves in one direction and the second named valve only operable to eiect n. braking action by luid throttling when the blade moves in the other direction, substantiullv us set forth.

7. In en energyr absorber the combination of a casing providingr liquid chambers. blades mounted to oscillate in said chambers Postino tively and each constructed with liv-passes. valves normali)v closing seid bhv-passes respectively, springs seating against certain of said valves and the casing respectively ond said valves copernble in pairs to effect free Dy-passing of the fluid when the blades move in one direction, and n peirf'of said vslves operable to eeet e braking action by fluid throttlingr nhent-he blodesmove in the opposite dirertion. substantially ns forth. S. ln :rn encrg' absorber the combination of a casing providing liquid chambers, blades mounted to oscillnte in said chambers and cach constructedV V1with two lay-passes, n pair of spring sew-ted valves mounted on seid blades respectively and normally closing the bjvfassses, and n second peilot' valves mounted on said blades spring sented against. the blades and thecnsing Yand normally closing the other Vpn'ir of seid lay-passes, seid first 'named pair of valves operable to effoot free by-passing ol the fluid when the blades move inonc direction, and the. second named pair of valves only eeoting n brakingY Vnction by fluid throttling when the lrledes move in the other direction. substantiaily es set forth. Y

9.v In en energy absorber the combination of a easing providing liquid chambers, blades mounted to .oscillnte in said clnnnbers nud euohconstrncted with :in inner and :in outer bypass. the einer peil* of sind 'bv-posses being'of relatively gre-eter crossseotional area than the inner pair of lav-passes, n pair oi spring sente-d valves mounted on said blades and nornnilly closing the outer puir of said liv-passes. a second pair of valves mounted on seid blades and normallyY closf ing che inner pair of said by-passos and springs seating against said inner pair of valves and the easing. sn-id outer pair of valves treel'ybypnssing the fluid when the blades `move linonedirection. and the inner pair orf'seid vzfflves effecting n braking fiction bv fluid throttling when the blades Vnieve in the other direction, substantially es set forth.

1(3). Infan'energy absorber the combina-V endY Yoonstructed with Yby-posses.

and 'spring sented valves normally closing said lay-passes said valves springs seating against the cylinder und the piston respeo tively, one of said valves operable to ell'ect free by-passing when the piston moves in one direction and only one of said valves eiecting n braking action bv fluid throteline when the piston moves in the other direction, substantially as set forth.

il. In an energy absorber the combination of ey pair of opposed cylinders providing communicsting liquid chambers. pistons mounted to reciprocate in snid cylinders respectivchv and each constructed with tvfo liv-passes. n pair of spring sented valves mounted on said pistons respectively and normally closing n pair of seid liv-posses. n second pair of vnlvcs mounted on seid pistons und normally closing the other pair of seid liv-passes and springs seating against the second pair of valves und the casing. said ico first named pair of valves operable to effect free by-passing of the fluid when the pistons move in one direction, and the second pair of said valves operable to effect a braking action by fluid throttling when the pistons move in the other direction, substantially as set forth.

1Q. The combination with an energyr absorber comprising parts having relative angular movement and Working with a liquid, of members mounted on said parts respectively, a flexible tubular body mounted on said members respectively and subject to torsional strains, said tubular body providing an annular chamber adapted to liquid, and a protecting structure for the tubular body, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination with an energy absorber comprising parts having relative angular movement and Working with a liquid, of members mounted on said parts respectively, a flexible tubular body mounted ou said members respectively and subject to torsional strains, said tubular body providing an annular chamber adapted to liquid, rings securing said tubular body on said members, and a plurality of rings providing a protecting structure for the tubular body intermediate said securing rings, substantially as set forth.

14. The combination with an energy absorber comprising parts having angular movement and Working with a liquid, of members mounted on said parts respectively, a fiexible tubular body mounted on said members respectively and subject to torsional strains, said tubular body providing an annular chamber adapted to liquid, a pair of clamping rings securing said tubular body at either end thereof to said members, a plurality of rings mounted on said tubular body intermediate said clamping rings providing a filler, and a protectin structure comprising metal rings mounte on said filler body, substantially as set forth.

l5. The combination with an energy absorber comprising parts having relative angular movement and Working with a liquid, of a tubular and shaft projection mounted on said parts respectively, a collar mounted on said shaft projection, a flexible tubular body mounted on said tubular member and collar respectively and subject to torsional strains, said tubular body providing an annular chamber adapted to li uid, and a projecting structure for the tubu ar body, substantially as set forth.

16. The combination with an energy absorber comprising parts having relative angular movement and Working with a liquid, of a tubular and shaft projection mounted on said parts respectively, a collar mounted on said shaft projection, a flexible tubular body mounted on said tubular member and collar respectively and subject to torsional strains, sai d tubular body providing an annular chamber adapted to liquid, clamp` ing rings securing said fiexible tubular body to said collar and tubular extension, ring sections mounted on said flexible tubular body between said clamping rings and providing a filler` and metallic ring sections mounted on said filler ring sections providing a protecting structure, substantially as set forth.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal at Washington, District of Columbia, this seventh day of J une, A. D. nineteen hundred and sixteen.

GUSTAF A. ANDERSON. [1.. a] Witnesses:

E. W. BRADFORD, E. S. (ELEMENTS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

